FeatureCFPCFP2CFP4Full NameC Form-factor PluggableCFP2CFP4SizeVery LargeMedium SmallPort DensityLowMediumHighMax Data Rate100G100G / 200G100GPower ConsumptionHigh(20–30W)Medium (12–24W)Low (~6–12W)Technology Generation1st Gen2nd Gen3rd GenTypical UseOld systemsDWDM / CoherentData center / compact devicesCoherent SupportYesYes (Most common )RareCooling RequirementHighMediumLowCostHighMediumLowerMarket Usage TodayDecreasingActive (coherent)Common (non-coherent) FeatureNormal CFPCoherent CFPTechnologyDirect DetectCoherent DetectionDSPNoYesModulationNRZQPSK / QAMDistanceShort (2–10km)Long (100–2000km+)WavelengthFixed (LAN-WDM)Tunable (DWDM)CostLowHighComplexitySimpleAdvanced